chore: update golang to 1.24.1 (#17035)

- Update go.mod to use Go 1.24.1
- Update GitHub Actions setup-go action to use Go 1.24.1
- Fix linting issues with golangci-lint by:
  - Updating to golangci-lint v1.57.1 (more compatible with Go 1.24.1)

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)
Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude <claude@anthropic.com>

cli/gitaskpass.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func (r *RootCmd) gitAskpass() *serpent.Command {
 					cliui.Warn(inv.Stderr, "Coder was unable to handle this git request. The default git behavior will be used instead.",
 						lines...,
 					)
-					return cliui.Canceled
+					return cliui.ErrCanceled
 				}
 				return xerrors.Errorf("get git token: %w", err)
 			}