UPDATE template_versions SET created_by = COALESCE( -- Best effort to convert all unowned template versions to the first owner. (SELECT id FROM users WHERE rbac_roles @> '{owner}' AND deleted = 'f' ORDER BY created_at ASC LIMIT 1), -- If there are no owners, assign to the first user. (SELECT id FROM users WHERE deleted = 'f' ORDER BY created_at ASC LIMIT 1) -- If you have no users I'm not sure what else to tell you. ) WHERE created_by IS NULL; ALTER TABLE template_versions ALTER COLUMN created_by SET NOT NULL;